The increasing global demand for clean and sustainable energy sources has sparked interest in biomass-to-hydrogen conversion as a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. The quest for sustainable energy sources has led to extensive exploration of biomass-to-hydrogen conversion methods. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various techniques employed in this conversion process, including thermochemical, biological, and electrochemical methods. Thermochemical conversion, particularly biomass gasification, emerges as a promising approach for hydrogen production, with different gasification techniques offering unique advantages and challenges. Biological processes such as dark fermentation and microbial electrolysis offer environmentally friendly alternatives but face challenges in scaling up production. Electrochemical methods, including electrolysis and steam reforming, provide efficient means of hydrogen generation but require further technological advancements for cost-effectiveness. Moreover, challenges such as feedstock availability, production costs, market demand, policy support, and environmental considerations are discussed. Addressing these challenges through technological innovation, policy incentives, and interdisciplinary collaboration will be crucial for realizing the full potential of biomass-to-hydrogen conversion as a sustainable energy solution.