Diabetes mellitus (DM) is probably one of the oldest diseases known to man. Natural products and/or synthetic analogues of a natural lead show utmost importance in the treatment of diabetes-associated complications. The main objective is the evaluation of antidiabetic potential of Buchanania axillaris (Desr.) bark on Streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Diabetic rats were treated with Buchanania axillaris bark extract at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg orally of body weight for 28 days. Glimepiride was taken as a standard drug. After the 28 day treatment, the pancreas was assayed for antioxidant and histopathological studies. Serum glucose was examined on 15 and 28 days. Bodyweight, urine output, food and water intake, cholesterol, triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin, creatinine, urea, and total protein were also studied. After the 28 days study period, the maximum reduction in blood glucose level with Buchanania axillaris bark extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg in STZ induced diabetes in rats. There were significantly increased bodyweight, a decrease in urine output, glycosylated hemoglobin, cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine level. However, it also influences the antioxidant parameters like reduction in TBARS and increases in GSH and CAT level. This study demonstrates that Buchanania axillaris (Desr.) bark extract has therapeutic value in diabetes and has antioxidant potential