This review study examines the comprehensive evaluation of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in India and investigates several biological processes, with specific emphasis on the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB) technology. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of various sewage treatment systems and explore strategies for optimizing their performance in the management of industrial waste. The discourse commences with an examination of the current state of wastewater management in India, underscoring the imperative for the implementation of efficient treatment approaches. Additionally, the present study investigates the many unit activities and processes associated with sewage treatment, which comprise a range of physical, chemical, and biological treatment techniques. The UASB technology is the focal point of this study, which aims to analyze the influence of different criteria on its operational effectiveness. The effects of several factors, including temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH levels, granulation, and mixing, are comprehensively examined in order to gain a deeper understanding of their impact on the operation of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors. Also real time monitoring of an established 111MLD capacity Sewage Treatment plant (Ludhiana, Punjab, India ) has been done by comparing the quality of inlet parameters and outlet parameters such as BOD, COD, TSS, Temperature, pH.