ISSN : 2663-2187

Assessment of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk due to Heavy metals in Powder Milk Samples for Adults in Kerbela Governorate

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Manal Dakhil Sakhil , Golshad Kheiri, Ali Abid Abojassim
» doi: 10.48047/AFJBS.6.12.2024.1386-1395

Abstract

In this study, six heavy metals like cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in adult powder milk samples were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Powder milk samples were collected from local markets in Karbala Governorate, Iraq. The non-carcinogenic risk parameters such as Estimation daily intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI) due to all heavy metals of the present study as well as carcinogenic risks such as Cancer risk (CR) due to Pb and Cd were determined. The results showed that the average values of Co, Cr, Se, Zn, Pb, and Cd for all samples of powder milk in parts per million (μg/kg) were 91.3±10.9, 38.3±3.8, 92.9±7.5, 78.5±1.1, 57.8±4.6, and 0.9±0.1,respectively. While the average values of Hazard Index (HI) and total cancer risk parameters were 0.008±0.0006 and 4.4E-07±3.5E-08, respectively. According to the sa fe limits of heavy metals recommended by WHO and EPA, the results of Pb concentration in most samples were high. While, the values of health risk parameters did not exceed the permissible limits limits.

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