This study examines the phytosanitary practices and associated challenges faced by farmers in the Wilaya of Khenchela, northeastern Algeria. A semi-structured survey, complemented by field observations, was conducted among 368 farmers engaged in tree and cereal cultivation. These farmers operate in diverse geographical areas, including mountainous regions within the communes of Bouhmama, M'sara, Chelia, Taouzient, and Yabous, as well as the Saharan zone of the Checher commune, and peripheral zones within the communes of Kais and Remila. Despite efforts to provide training, a significant proportion of farmers (22%) had never attended school, with only a minimal percentage (2.7%) having received training in the safe use of pesticides. The survey revealed prevalent use of insecticides, including Chlorantraniliprole, Abamectin, Spirotetramat, Deltamethrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Chlorpyrifos-ethyl, Emamectin Benzoate, Thiamethoxam, and Tefluthrin, among other active substances, known for their toxic properties and potential adverse health effects. Alarmingly, a substantial portion of farmers (21%) reported not wearing any personal protective equipment during pesticide handling and application.