Recently in numerous studies , a significant association between the gastrointestinal microbiome and anxiety has been proven, so it can be said that this makes the important role of the gut-brain axis more prominent in aspects related to mental health. Gut microbiome is a type of complex ecosystem including microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract that influence brain function through neural, hormonal and immune pathways. Research shows that people with anxiety disorders often have an imbalance in their intestinal microbiota. This is usually associated with the reduction of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium as well as the increase of harmful species such as Escherichia coli. In fact, this microbial imbalance may aggravate anxiety symptoms by disrupting active nerve compounds that include neurotransmitters such as GABA. On the other hand, clinical trials have shown that probiotics and prebiotics can help restore the microbial balance and reduce anxiety, but their effectiveness can differ depending on individual and microbial variations. Although there are promising findings in this field so far, but still more clinical trials are needed to gain a better and more understanding of the unknown mechanisms that exist in the gut-brain connection, so as to control the resulting anxiety. Future research needs to focus on the long-term impact of diet, lifestyle, and medication on the gut microbiome, as well as its role in anxiety.