Abstract Phyllanthus, the largest genus within the Euphorbiaceae family, encompasses a diverse array of approximately 750 to 1200 species, each exhibiting remarkable diversity and therapeutic potential attributed to their unique bioactive compounds. Among these species, Phyllanthus niruri has gained notable recognition for its traditional use in treating jaundice and various hepatic disorders. Scientific investigations have revealed its broad pharmacological spectrum, encompassing activities against a diverse array of maladies such as amoebic dysentery, influenza, dysentery, vaginitis, cancer, and renal calculus, among others. Subsequent studies have unveiled a plethora of active constituents from various plant parts, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, contributing to its diverse biological activities such as anti-hyperuricaemic, hypolipidaemic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, hypoglycaemic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antiviral, anti-urolithiatic. This review highlights the applicative perspective of Phyllanthus niruri, with a focus on pharmacological and medical potential in treating chronic diseases. Despite its extensive use in traditional medicine, the application and utility in clinical trials remains unexplored, impeding a comprehensive understanding of its therapeutic potential.