Water quality assessment is crucial for maintaining environmental integrity and safeguarding public health. This study focuses on evaluating the chemical and biological water quality of various water sources in Chhattisgarh, India. Chemical parameters such as pH, heavy metals (arsenic, lead), and nutrients (nitrates, phosphates) were analyzed alongside biological indicators like total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli. Data were collected from multiple sites representing industrial, agricultural, and non polluted regions during different seasons. Results revealed significant contamination in water sources near industrial and agricultural zones, with heavy metals and microbial pollutants exceeding permissible limits in many areas. Seasonal variations also influenced water quality, with microbial contamination peaking during the monsoon season. The study underscores the need for stricter regulatory enforcement, improved water treatment infrastructure, and the promotion of sustainable practices to mitigate pollution. The findings contribute to regional water management strategies and highlight areas for further research, particularly in emerging contaminants and long-term ecological impacts.