This study investigates the relationship between anatomical variations in the visual pathway and their impact on visual function and rehabilitation outcomes. The research aimed to address gaps in understanding how differences in optic nerve diameter, optic chiasm area, optic radiation, and visual cortex thickness correlate with visual field loss and the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies. A cross-sectional design involving 375 participants utilized high-resolution MRI scans to measure anatomical features, combined with visual acuity assessments and evaluation of rehabilitation outcomes. Analysis revealed significant correlations between structural variations and visual function; specifically, larger optic nerve diameters and thicker visual cortices were associated with better visual acuity and less severe visual field loss. Additionally, rehabilitation success varied with anatomical characteristics, highlighting the need for personalized rehabilitation approaches. The study concludes that integrating detailed anatomical data with functional and rehabilitative assessments can enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy, leading to more targeted and effective interventions for visual pathway disorders.