Acute advancement of osteotomized bone segments is associated with various limitations, despite the fact that orthognathic surgery has become widely accepted for the repair of maxillomandibular deformities. Moreover, significant skeletal abnormalities, such those shown in syndromic patients, necessitate such extensive bone motions that the soft tissues around them are unable to adjust to their new position, which can lead to relapse or reduced function and appearance. New bone can be produced parallel to the direction of traction by gradually mechanically tractioning bone segments at an osteotomy site established in the craniofacial region, as several clinical and experimental studies have recently shown. Orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons now have more options when it comes to correcting craniofacial malformations due to this condition, which is called distraction osteogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this article is to critically assess the current mandibular distraction devices and their clinical applications, review the historical development and biologic basis of mandibular distraction osteogenesis, and forecast the future evolution of mandibular osteodistraction techniques