Boerhavia diffusa (B. diffusa), renowned in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, was the focal point of our study. Despite lacking scientific validation for its traditional use in synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within the whole plant ethanolic extract of B. diffusa (EBdAgNPs), our investigation was focused on exploring the effects of EBdAgNPs on serum lipid profiles, which play a crucial role in various cardiovascular diseases. The findings suggest that EBdAgNPs holds promise as an intervention for conditions associated with obesity and diabetes, demonstrating its potential to curb weight gain, diminish body fat and reduce blood glucose levels. Male albino rats were exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocinnicotinamide (STZ-NI) to induce obesity and diabetes. They were subsequently treated with EBdAgNPs and a standard drug from day 0 to day 42 to assess the response. This indicated a significant reduction in final body weight, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations in rats treated with EBdAgNPs under both HFD and STZ-NI conditions, compared to obese and diabetic rats. Additionally, there was a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in the treated groups. The findings of our study suggest that EBdAgNPs has the potential to be utilized for the effective treatment and prevention of diseases associated with obesity and diabetes. This can be accomplished by diminishing blood glucose levels, body fat and restricting the acquisition of weight.