The purpose of this study is to examine the efficiency of rice production in the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Rice is an essential food crop that supports food security, hunger reduction, and poverty alleviation for a large part of the ECOWAS population. However, the region faces high rice importation and prices due to low domestic production. This study takes into account the importance of agriculture in the economy and the diversity of resources among the countries, and assesses the impact of various inputs such as labour, harvested area, fertilisers, and energy (electricity) on the efficiency of rice cereal production at the country level from 2011 to 2020. This study employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the performance of countries. The results show that the performance of countries differs, with only three out of 11 selected countries being efficient under the CCR model of DEA and nine out of 11 countries being efficient under the BCC model of DEA. The study suggests that efficient resource allocation can help optimize the inputs and increase rice production. The study also analyzes how rice production efficiency is affected by various agricultural inputs using DEA and offers some recommendations for improving the use of these resources in the ECOWAS countries.