Chitosan is a flexible polysaccharide that has generated much interest as a potential component for drug delivery systems. The article emphasizes recent discoveries in formulation tactics, targeted delivery methodologies and biological applications as well as future directions for chitosan-based drug delivery systems. Important developments include chitosan modifications to increase mucoadhesion and enable targeted distribution to certain tissues or cells as well as the creation of chitosan nanoparticle and nanocapsules for enhanced drug solubility and bioavailability. Furthermore, chitosan use in sustained and combination treatment has increased due to its incorporation into hydrogels and co- delivery systems. Moreover, advancements in in-vivo research and chitosan-based gene delivery vectors highlight the material's potential for use in regenerative medicine and gene therapy. Biocompatibility, scalability, and clinical translation are examples of challenges. In addition, chitosan's promise in gene therapy and regenerative medicine is highlighted by advancements in in-vivo studies and chitosan-based gene delivery systems. Factors like scalability, biocompatibility, and clinical translation are also addressed, as potential paths forward for enhancing chitosan-based drug delivery systems to satisfy the requirements of contemporary medications.