Nanoplastics, smaller plastic particles less than 100 nanometers, pose significant environmental and health risks. They can be generated through the breakdown of larger plastic items or intentionally manufactured for various applications. They are pervasive in water bodies, soil, and air, particularly in aquatic environments. The impact of nanoplastics on ecosystems and wildlife is an area of ongoing research. The potential consequences of nanoplastic ingestion on the health of these organisms, as well as the subsequent effects on entire ecosystems, are not yet fully understood. and concerns about food chain transmission and human exposure are growing. The regulatory landscape for nanoplastics is evolving, and more comprehensive policies are needed to manage production, use, and disposal. Mitigating nanoplastics involves reducing plastic consumption, improving waste management, and developing alternative materials. Present review sheds light on the origin and features of nanoplastics. Also, the effect of nanoplastics on human and the environment has been extensively discussed.