The past century or more have seen extensive inbreeding of plant species, leading to the development of numerous new hybrid plant kinds. In agriculture, hybrids are typically superior to their inbred parents, both in terms of productivity and disease resistance. These hybrids have improved yields and disease resistance in agriculture compared to their inbred parents. Studies of this kind are being conducted to comprehend the heterotic impacts of heterotic loci. The enormous amounts of data and information that will be produced by molecular studies of heterotic loci and genes will be utilized by hybrid breeding that is based on molecular design in the future. This will be achievable because hybrid breeding will be able to benefit from the fact that heterotic loci and genes will be the subject of molecular investigations. This will allow for the creation of hybrids with desirable characteristics of both their parent species. These investigations will function as an important source of information. The purpose of this study is to investigate current developments in our knowledge of the genetic and molecular pathways that are accountable for heterosis in plant populations. In addition, the unanswered scientific problems regarding the molecular basis of heterosisare discussed here, as are the prospective uses in breeding.