This research investigates the phytochemical composition and therapeutic potential of Gardenia latifolia, a plant species historically recognized for its medicinal properties but lacking contemporary scientific scrutiny. The study focuses on evaluating the phytochemicals present in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of G. latifolia leaves and assessing their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Through a series of qualitative and quantitative analyses, the study identifies the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids in the extracts. Total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents are determined using standard methods, revealing significant concentrations in both extract types. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts is assessed through an inhibition of albumin denaturation assay, demonstrating notable inhibition comparable to the standard drug ibuprofen. Additionally, the antimicrobial efficacy against oral and enteric pathogenic bacteria is evaluated using agar well diffusion method, showcasing promising inhibitory effects particularly in the ethanolic extract. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of G. latifolia extracts, highlighting their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, and suggest avenues for further pharmacological investigations to exploit their therapeutic benefits with minimal side effects.