Resin composites changed the future of operative dentistry. They have approached a high level of superiority and are used nowadays with expected outcomes considered as the most recommended direct restorative materials of teeth.(Beun, Glorieux et al. 2007, Moldovan, Balazsi et al. 2019) On the other hand, during daily use, general dentists are afraid of the complexity of resin composite market and they predominantly choose to use single-shade restorative materials or to do a composite restorations for most of their cases, which makes it easy to produce high quality and single-shade esthetics.(Baldissera, Corrêa et al. 2013, Gurgan, Koc Vural et al. 2022) Thus, monochromatic resin composites appeared to overcome the shade selection steps.(AlHamdan, Bashiri et al. 2021, Kedici Alp, Gündoğdu et al. 2022) These materials are pigments or dyes free, and they are able to match the color of teeth due to the distinct material's structure that mirrors the color of the neighboring dental tissues.(Sharma and Samant 2021)As microhardness and surface roughness represent important factors in assessing the clinical success of composite resin restorations, the objective of this paper was to describe what constitutes them. Factors that influence the degree and reduction of resin composite microhardness and surface roughness were also discussed. Finally, information about both laboratory and in vivo studies utilized to determine microhardness and surface roughness.