Advanced microscopy has greatly impacted biological sciences mainly because it enhances investigation of cellular and molecular biology through offering excellent views of structures. Based on the literature review, this section describes the transformation of microscopy from regular to modern methods and their use. Some basic methods that are widely used are methods like bright field microscopy and phase contrast are relatively useful but give very low resolution and contrast. Hence, techniques such as STED and PALM microscopy provide a super resolution with lateral resolutions of 20- 50 nm and axial resolutions of 80- 100 nm; which greatly improves the prospects of imaging molecular structures. The alternatives are compared in terms of; imaging speeds, sample preparation difficulty, contrast and resolution. For example, brightfield microscopy has the imaging speed of 30-60 frames per second, and the resolution of 200-300 nm, while STED microscopy has comparable axial resolution of approximately 50 100 nm as that of Confocal microscopy yet has significantly lesser imaging speed, 0.1-0.4 frames per second , yet its lateral resolution is as fine as 30-50 nm. Such an analysis is quite comprehensive and sheds light on how progression in the microscopic techniques in general has revolutionized biological and molecular research as it offers better resolution of the samples and a better insight into the functions and structures of biological systems. This is because the field of microscopy is destined for more inventions and discoveries with the increase in its technological aspect.