The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and factors influencing the diameter and length of camel hair (Camelus dromedarius) fibers in the Ouargla region (Algeria). In order to achieve this objective, 30 subjects from two camel populations, Targui and Sahraoui, were sampled representing different age categories, and subjected to hair sampling located in 4 body zones (the back of the neck, the front of the neck, the shoulder and the hump). Colour was also taken into account, to assess it from both macroscopic and microscopic points of view. The results revealed that, in general, the average length of coarse fibers in dromedaries ranged from 6.60±0.29cm Safra color (Tan yellow) to 11.07±0.903cm Zarka color(Brown with black), with significant differences depending on the population, color, age and body part (site) and that of fine fibers varies from 2.56±0.22cm Chaala color (Dark yellow) to 3.74±0.21cm Zarka color (Brown with black) with significant differences according to population, sex, color and body part (site) and the mean diameter of coarse fibers varies from 9.75±0.44μm (young age category) to 11.26±0.52μm Safra color (Tan yellow) with no significant differences between the factors all studied and that of fine fibers from 4.07±0.17μm (young age category) to 5.26±0.22μm (old age category) with significant differences according to age and body part. Our results show that the majority of mean coarse and fine fiber lengths, as well as mean fine fiber diameters, comply with the standards recommended for spinning by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, copyright 2006. However, the mean diameters of coarse fibers significantly exceed the 10 micrometer upper limit, potentially posing challenges for spinning operations.