Morphometry of vertebra is a mirror to osseous strength which is dependent on BMD which is in turn determined by the calcium and vitamin D status of body. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine morphometry and BMD of lumbar spine and correlate them with serum levels of calcium and vitamin D. Materials and methods: This study was conducted with 200 healthy women of 25-64 years age in the Department of Anatomy and Department of Orthopedics, Rama Medical College and Research Center, Rama University, Mandhana, Kanpur Uttar Pradesh. The BMD of lumbar spine was measure using DEXA while the morphometry was evaluated with MRI. Serum levels of calcium and vitamin D were analyzed with standard kit-based methods. Result: BMD of lumbar spine, serum calcium and vitamin D were significantly low in post-menopausal women. Morphometry of lumbar spine (Ha, Hm, Hp, AP and WI) significantly reduced with the reduction in BMD. There was significant association of age and menstrual status with BMD, serum calcium and vitamin D. Lumbar spine BMD showed significant correlation with serum calcium and vitamin D in both pre and post-menopausal women. Conclusion: Alteration in BMD affects the morphometry of vertebral spine, thus increasing the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Early diagnosis and preventive measures are necessary to maintain the normal bone mass.