Parkinson's Disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra, presents a significant unmet therapeutic need. While current treatments primarily focus on managing symptoms, increasing evidence suggests a potential role for probiotics in mitigating disease progression and improving patient outcomes. The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, is increasingly recognized as a key player in PD pathogenesis. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut microbial composition, has been consistently observed in PD patients, characterized by reduced beneficial bacteria and increased pathogenic species. This dysbiosis may contribute to increased intestinal permeability ("leaky gut"), leading to inflammation and the translocation of bacterial products into the bloodstream, potentially triggering neuroinflammation and exacerbating neuronal damage in the brain. Probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits upon ingestion, offer a promising therapeutic strategy by modulating gut microbiota composition and function. Preclinical studies using animal models of PD have demonstrated that specific probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, can attenuate motor deficits, reduce neuroinflammation, and improve gut barrier integrity. These effects are often associated with alterations in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, known to possess neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, probiotics may influence the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, impacting mood and motor control. However, human studies on probiotics and PD remain limited and often yield inconsistent results. Challenges include variations in probiotic strains, dosages, and study designs, hindering the establishment of clear efficacy. Future research should focus on identifying specific probiotic strains with demonstrable efficacy in larger, well designed clinical trials, considering individual patient characteristics and gut microbiota profiles for personalized probiotic therapies. Nevertheless, the accumulating preclinical and early clinical evidence strongly suggests that exploring the therapeutic potential of probiotics in PD warrants further investigation, potentially offering a novel and safe adjuvant therapy to improve disease management and quality of life for patients.