Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, which can lead to various systemic complications, including those affecting oral health. Periodontitis and dental caries are two prevalent oral conditions that have been strongly associated with diabetes, particularly in elderly individuals. This study aims to assess the risk of periodontitis and dental caries among older diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetic controls, focusing on the prevalence, severity, and contributing factors.