Background: Cardio-thoracic surgeries often necessitate the use of one lung ventilation (OLV) to enhance surgical access and visualization. While OLV is standard in these procedures, it poses risks of pulmonary damage due to complex pathophysiological changes, including shunting, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and reperfusion injury. Monitoring ventilator parameters during thoracic surgery, such as end-tidal carbon dioxide, peak airway pressure, and mechanical power, can provide insights into lung damage. Identifying serum biomarkers, such as IL-8 and surfactant protein D (SP-D), is crucial for early detection of pulmonary damage. IL-8, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and SP-D, a collectin protein, are potential markers for assessing lung injury.