The antimicrobial activity of carbon-based nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, as well as their mechanisms of action, has been investigated. We made graphene oxide from high purity graphite precursors using a modified Hummer's process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have all been used to investigate the microstructures and morphology of graphene-based materials. To ensure broad surface area access to medication, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) and Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) methods are used to analyse the precise surface area and porosity analysis of graphene oxide.