Nathsagar, located on the Godavari River in Maharashtra, India, is an ecologically diverse region covering around 350 sq. km. The study took place over a three-year period from 2020 to 2023, during which ten different wetlands were examined to evaluate their waterbird population dynamics, local activities, and socioeconomic significance. It is home to various freshwater organisms and serves as a primary habitat for numerous species of waterfowl and fish, including migratory birds from Siberia, Northern Europe, and Central Asia during winter. The studied area involves ten wetlands, providing ample cover, secure roosting locations, and feeding grounds for many resident and migratory birds; these wetlands are also ideal breeding places for local and seasonal avian visitors. Wetlands offer vital benefits to humans and the environment, and they support Agriculture, provide habitats for fish, and supply timber, fuelwood, and reeds for mats and thatching roofs. Additionally, wetlands are used for recreation, such as bird watching, sailing, and scientific study. Beyond direct use, wetlands perform essential functions like erosion control, flood water storage, groundwater recharge, and water purification. They also offer economic benefits through hiking, bird watching, and wildlife photography. Wetlands benefit downstream riparian dwellers by storing floodwaters and delaying peak river levels, showcasing their critical role in human and ecological systems.