This research addresses the challenges small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) encounter in establishing their safety and health management systems. These challenges include limited resources, lack of expertise, and the absence of systematic risk management systems. By identifying strategic priorities for constructing safety and health systems, this study proposes methods to facilitate their smoother development. The research methodology employed a SWOT-AHP approach to set strategic priorities for enhancing safety and health management in SMEs. This involved identifying internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats, related to the construction of the safety system within SMEs. Key elements were selected from each category for evaluation. The results revealed 'worker participation' as the most crucial factor in the strengths category, while 'lack of management commitment' was identified as the most significant weakness. 'Improvement in safety and health performance' was assessed as the most critical opportunity, and 'lack of executive leadership' was considered the greatest threat. This research is anticipated to significantly enhance safety and health management standards in SMEs by providing a novel approach to constructing their safety and health management systems.