The fruit extract of Xylopia aethiopica (X. aethiopica) is a common spice used in preparing soup for women immediately after delivery as it is believed to cause uterine contraction and involution. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the abortifacient effects of X. aethiopica on adult female wistar rats and also, to histologically examine the uterus of the experimental animals. 66 adult wistar rats comprising of 12 males for mating and 44 females that weighed 150 – 180g were used. Thirty pregnant rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 was negative control, groups 2, 3 and 4 received 100mg|kg, 200mg|kg and 400mg|kg of the extract while group 5 was the positive control and received 4microgram/kg of misoprostol (cytotec) as the standard drug. They were weighed and treated daily every morning for 14 days. After the experiment, the rats were sacrificed by dislocating their cervical spines and dissecting them using a midline incision on the anterior abdominal wall. A dose-dependent decrease in body weight in rats was seen. X. aethiopica's mechanism of abortion was to prevent early pregnancy implantation and pregnancy resorption, unlike cytotec, which caused thrombosis and necrosis. Extract showed abortifacient effect on female wistar rats. Extract of X. aethiopica was shown to possess abortifacient effects on pregnant female wistar rat as it prevents implantation at early stages and pregnancy resorptive at a later stage. It therefore has emergency contraceptive property.