Background: Patient safety is a critical priority in surgical procedures, with the World Health Organization promoting a culture of safety in all healthcare settings. The Indonesian Ministry of Health has implemented a comprehensive system to enhance patient safety, focusing on risk assessment, identification of hazards, incident reporting, and preventative solutions. The operating room environment, ergonomics, and standard protocols are essential for ensuring high-quality care. Methods: This systematic review exclusively examined full-text articles published in English between 2014 and 2024, adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. In order to guarantee the incorporation of high-quality sources, editorial pieces and review articles were excluded unless they were accompanied by a DOI. A exhaustive literature search was conducted using a variety of reputable databases, such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SagePub, to collect pertinent studies. Result: The study conducted a thorough review of more than 900 publications that were obtained from reputable databases, such as ScienceDirect, SagePub, and PubMed. Eight publications were identified as necessitating a more comprehensive examination subsequent to an initial screening. As a result, a comprehensive review of these selected studies was conducted to guarantee an exhaustive and rigorous assessment. Conclusion: Safety protocols are crucial in surgical procedures to ensure patient safety. Factors like operating room environment, staff involvement, and adherence to protocols influence outcomes. A strong safety culture, including clear communication and collaboration among surgical team members, is essential for minimizing complications and improving surgical accuracy.