The muscle weakness that occurs as a result of critical care in the ICU is referred to as Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness (ICU-AW). Mechanical ventilation is one of the most commonly used therapies in the ICU. Prolonged use of mechanical ventilation can restrict patient movement, leading to immobilization and subsequently causing muscle weakness. This study aims to determine the relationship between the prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and the occurrence of ICU-AW in the ICU of dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on patients treated in the ICU of dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung from July to October 2023. Patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will undergo muscle strength examination using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Research subjects will be selected using purposive sampling into two groups: the ICU-AW group (n=30) and the Without ICU-AW group (n=30). Data will be collected from medical records. Results: In the ICU-AW group, there are 12 patients (40.0%) with prolonged mechanical ventilation duration and 18 patients (60.0%) without. In the Without ICU-AW group, there are 3 patients (10.0%) with prolonged mechanical ventilation duration and 27 patient (90.0%) without. This result shows a significant difference with a p-value<0,05. Conclusion: This study finds a relationship between the prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and the occurrence of ICU-AW in the ICU of dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation have a higher incidence of ICU-AW than patients without prolonged mechanical ventilation.