Aquatic ecosystems face increasing threats from agricultural runoff, including herbicides that can adversely affect fish health. the toxicity of the herbicide Penoxsulam on Labeo rohita, commonly known as the Rohu, and evaluates the potential ameliorative effects of a diet supplemented with Volvariella volvacea stalk waste. Histological analysis was employed to assess the impact of Penoxsulam exposure on various organs of Labeo rohita, while the dietary intervention aimed to mitigate these effects. Our findings suggest significant histopathological alterations in the liver, gills, and kidney of fish exposed to Penoxsulam, indicative of toxicity. However, fish fed with a diet enriched with Volvariella volvacea stalk waste exhibited reduced histopathological changes, suggesting a potential ameliorative effect. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this protective effect and its applicability in mitigating herbicide-induced toxicity in aquatic organisms