Radicular syndrome or radiculopathy (radiculitis, radiculoishemia) is a symptom complex resulting from compression or irritation of the spinal roots, which includes pain syndrome in the spine and/or in the extremity (less often in the trunk and internal organs), tension symptoms and deficient neurological symptoms in the dermatome corresponding to the affected root and/or myotoma. In addition to radiculopathy, back and limb pain can occur with numerous myofascial syndromes, dysfunction of the facet and sacroiliac joints, as well as with tunnel neuropathies. To determine the tactics of treatment, the correct diagnosis of the cause of pain in the patient is crucial. Radiculopathy (M54.1) and sciatica (M54.3) have different etiopathogenetic mechanisms of occurrence: in the first case, it is a herniated disc causing a disc-radicular conflict, in the second, tunnel neuropathy of the sciatic nerve caused by spasm of the piriformis muscle. Consequently, in the treatment of radiculopathy, it may be advisable to use surgical methods of root decompression by discectomy, while in the treatment of sciatica, the need for surgical methods of treatment (neurolysis, spicotomy) occurs much less frequently.