The heterogeneous polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is linked to an endocrine reproductive illness in females. Ages 18 to 44 for females are affected. The ongoing hormonal imbalance causes complications including many cysts and irregular menstruation cycles, which in turn cause infertility in women. Numerous potential genes have been found to be among PCOS's causes. Numerous investigations have been conducted to determine the genetic basis of PCOS. Such investigations that pinpoint the precise etiology of PCOS, together with its genetic etiology and hormone imbalance, are crucial. The present review focuses on the various genes involved in the prognosis of PCOS, factors affecting its development, diagnosis and treatment methods including traditional and allopathic medicines. Special case studies have been added to provide overview of the diagnostics and treatment methods and their challenges. Although it may not be extensive, the present review sufficiently provides an insight for future studies in specific areas in order to successfully manage PCOS.