Treatment with medical leeches has been available since ancient times and has been used for more than 2,500 years by Egyptians, Indians, Greeks and Arabs as a treatment for some specific diseases such as skin diseases, infections, etc. Medical leeches provide medical benefits by absorbing blood and delivering many biologically active substances . Recently, this technology has reached the widest field of application, so we focused on medical leeches from a morphological standpoint, as they are blood-sucking worms that live in fresh water. Their bodies are divided into rings and they have two suckers, anterior at the front of the body and posterior at the end. On the other hand, we discussed the role of medical leeches To handle a case of some diseases, for example, osteoporosis, due to the various active substances contained in its saliva. The results showed a significant improvement in the patient’s health condition.