Climate change poses a significant threat to rural India, where livelihoods heavily depend on agriculture, water resources, and a stable environment. This review examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on these sectors, highlighting declining crop yields, water scarcity, increased prevalence of vector-borne diseases, and disrupted livelihoods. The analysis emphasizes the importance of studying this issue due to the vulnerability of rural communities. Adaptation and mitigation strategies, including government policies, community-based initiatives, and technological advancements, are crucial for enhancing resilience. However, challenges persist in implementation and scalability. The paper underscores the need for comprehensive and localized approaches that consider gender disparities and empower marginalized groups. Effective solutions require collaboration among policymakers, researchers, and local communities, guided by principles of equity, sustainability, and social justice.