This review aims to comprehensively explore the multifaceted landscape of plant proteins and their diverse applications, nutritional, environmental, and economic significance in contemporary society. It delves into the properties and potential of plant proteins within the context of shifting dietary preferences, climate change concerns, and technological advancements. The selection criteria encompassed studies on plant protein sources, extraction methods, nutritional profiles, and applications in food, feed, pharmaceuticals, and materials. This review synthesizes a wealth of information on plant proteins, elucidating their composition, functionality, and nutritional quality. It highlights the versatility of plant proteins in replacing animal-based counterparts in various applications, offering solutions to address health, environmental, and resource challenges. This review adds value by presenting a holistic view of plant proteins, their sources, extraction techniques, and wide-ranging applications. It synthesizes scattered information into a coherent narrative, identifying gaps in current knowledge and offering insights into future research directions.