Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. of the Fabaceae family is a species whose individual parts are commonly used in traditional medicine in several countries in their native form and as an extract, for the treatment of various symptoms and diseases. North Africa, very few pharmacological or ecological studies have been carried out on this species. The main objective of this present work is to take stock of research and knowledge on the botanical and ecological characteristics of A. farnesiana, its geographical range, traditional uses, chemical composition and pharmacological activities. Data were obtained from books, theses, and peer-reviewed articles stored in electronic databases from Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, and Google scholar. The results obtained show that A. farnesiana, widely used in the perfume industry, is an important producer of secondary metabolites and has several medicinal properties such as antidiabetic, antiulcer, antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, antirheumatic and antimalarial.