Green chemistry has emerged as a practical response to the environmental problems that conventional chemical processes have created over decades. This review covers recent developments in three interconnected areas: how industry is shifting to renewable raw materials, what cleaner chemical processes now look like in practice, and which waste-reduction strategies are proving most effective. We examine progress in sustainable feedstocks, including bio-based inputs and renewable energy, alongside catalytic innovations that cut dependence on hazardous reagents and solvents. The review also surveys atom-efficient reactions, waste valorization, and closed-loop industrial systems. We discuss what green chemistry adoption actually looks like at industrial scale, the real costs, the infrastructure headaches, and where technology transfer has worked and where it has stalled. Meaningful gaps remain in scaling these solutions, and we identify them directly. The review closes with directions for future work: better catalyst design, more energy-efficient processes, and the regulatory and policy frameworks that will determine how widely these approaches spread.