Volume 8 | Issue - 8
Volume 8 | Issue - 8
Volume 8 | Issue - 8
Volume 8 | Issue - 7
Volume 8 | Issue - 7
The frequent and deliberate release of harmful substances leads to increase the environmental hazards day by day. Hazardous substances have been inadvertently or deliberately discharged into the environment due to industrial activities, including nuclear testing, agricultural practices, and various aspects of daily living. Pesticides, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals, halogenated solvents, and agrochemicals are recognised as hazardous compounds detrimental to the environment. These chemicals disseminate via the soil, water, and atmosphere following their release into the environment. Fungi are crucial to the bioremediation of toxic chemicals due to their extensive metabolic capabilities and resilient shape. Fungal enzymes can effectively transform and detoxify hazardous chemicals. Ever increasing interest in the use of fungal enzymes in bioremediation has put fungal laccases into physical attention because, as copper containing oxidases present in any sort of fungi, are providing environment friendly radical resolution of industrial pollution instead of chemical ways. This review article aims to discuss the broad potential of fungal laccases with special reference to their uses in the biodegradation of industrial contaminants including synthetic dyes, heavy metals, pesticides and other toxic compounds. Laccases mediate the oxidation of various organic substrates of environmental concern such as aromatic compounds and generate radicals that enhance degradation reactions. Due to their performance without restriction in several environmentally influenced circumstances such as pH and temperature and in addition their ability to perform catalytic activities on a distinct number of substrates, bioinformatics is very applicative in industries. However, there are several disadvantages of employing fungal laccases in bioremediation: enzyme stability under the extreme climate condition; problems associated with the scale-up of the process from the laboratory to the industrial level; and the required specificity of the laccase enzymes to tackle numerous pollutants. Additionally, new strategies for improvement of bioremediation outcomes, including enzyme immobilization techniques and strain improvement through genetic engineering to produce laccases, are discussed. To overcome these limitations, the directions for further research are also presented: genetic engineering for enhancing the activity and stability of fungal laccases; and application of laccase-mediated bioremediation pre-treatments in combination with phytoremediation approaches. Due to growing concerns to prevent pollution and the subsequent calls of industries to come up with ways to contain emissions, fungal laccases are likely to go a long way to ensure that the environment is protected to its maximum potential