Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases maternal and neonatal health risks, necessitating effective management to reduce adverse neonatal outcomes.Objective: To evaluate the impact of GDM management on neonatal health outcomes at Gouri Devi Institute of Medical Science, Durgapur, West Bengal, India.Method: This prospective study was conducted from January 2023 to December 2023 on 100 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and their neonates. GDM management included diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy as required. Neonatal outcomes were measured, focusing on birth weight, hypoglycemia, and respiratory health.Results: Of the 100 neonates, 30% (30/100) exhibited macrosomia (birth weight >4 kg). Neonatal hypoglycemia was observed in 16% (16/100) of the cases within the first 24 hours post-birth. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) occurred in 10% (10/100) of neonates. Blood glucose control was categorized as well-managed (HbA1c <6%) and poorly managed (HbA1c ≥6%). In mothers with well-managed GDM (n=55), only 9% (5/55) of neonates had hypoglycemia and 11% (6/55) macrosomia. Among poorly managed cases (n=45), the rates of hypoglycemia and macrosomia increased to 24% (11/45) and 53% (24/45), respectively, showing a significant impact of glycemic control on neonatal outcomes. Statistical analysis indicated that neonates of mothers with well-managed GDM had a 63% reduction in macrosomia and 62.5% reduction in hypoglycemia (p<0.05), underscoring the benefits of stringent blood glucose management.Conclusions: Effective GDM management significantly improves neonatal outcomes, reducing risks of macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and RDS. Rigorous glycemic control is critical to enhancing neonatal health.