The potential association between platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment following tooth extraction and cancer risk has emerged as a critical area of investigation. While PRP is widely acknowledged for its regenerative capabilities, including enhanced wound healing and bone regeneration, concerns about its oncological implications due to the involvement of growth factors like VEGF and PDGF necessitate a comprehensive review. This systematic study aimed to evaluate whether PRP use after dental extractions influences cancer outcomes, particularly in patients with predispositions to malignancy. A systematic review was conducted in alignment with PRISMA guidelines, encompassing 231 studies from databases including PubMed and MEDLINE. Selected studies were critically assessed for PRP preparation protocols, concentrations of key growth factors, and oncological safety profiles. Findings highlighted PRP's efficacy in accelerating recovery through enhanced angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, and tissue repair, mediated by its rich concentration of growth factors. However, the involvement of these factors in angiogenic and proliferative pathways also raised potential concerns about tumorigenesis, particularly in vulnerable patient populations. The review demonstrated that while PRP significantly improves clinical outcomes in most patients, the heterogeneity in PRP preparation methods and the limited long-term data on cancer risk underline the need for standardized protocols and further research. Evidence for an explicit causal relationship between PRP and cancer remains inconclusive, but observational data suggest potential risks in individuals with pre-existing malignancies. Future studies must incorporate extended follow-ups and uniform methodologies to delineate the dualistic nature of PRP in promoting regeneration while mitigating potential oncological hazards. This analysis provides a critical foundation for optimizing PRP applications in dental surgery while safeguarding against its unintended oncological effects.