Background Despite the progress made in healthcare systems, patient safety remains a subject of global concern due to the persistent influence of adverse events on mortality and morbidity rates. Objective The primary objective of this systematic review is to establish a hierarchy of growing areas of concern in the realm of patient safety. The core goal is to identify and comprehend the dynamic issues that healthcare systems encounter in this domain. Methods: This study employed a systematic approach to investigate developing patient safety risks in healthcare settings worldwide, following the PRISMA principles. A thorough exploration was conducted across many academic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, BMC, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, with a specific emphasis on scholarly research articles published between the years 2000 and June 2022. A comprehensive selection of 40 papers was incorporated, and the approach of theme analysis was employed to identify noteworthy trends and developing obstacles. Key findings: This study emphasizes the global limitations in patient safety, with a specific focus on low- and middle-income nations. These countries face challenges due to budget restrictions, fragmented healthcare systems, and inadequate training, which further raise the risks associated with patient safety. Newly identified issues encompass potential hazards associated with telemedicine, biases inherent in artificial intelligence algorithms, vulnerabilities in cybersecurity, and difficulties in the integration of mental health services. Additional issues arise from the increasing prevalence of remote monitoring, inequities in healthcare access, and an excessive dependence on automation.