Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), represent a significant global health challenge. This study aims to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms underlying these disorders and identify novel diagnostic biomarkers with clinical relevance. By employing a robust cohort comprising AD and PD patients alongside age- and sex-matched healthy controls, the study integrates advanced proteomic and metabolomic techniques to uncover statistically significant biomarkers. Preliminary findings reveal aberrations in amyloid-beta pathways and tau protein metabolism in AD, and alpha-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. These alterations are corroborated by significant changes in inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers across disease groups (p<0.05). Discussion highlights the interplay of these mechanisms in disease pathogenesis and the potential of identified biomarkers for early, non-invasive diagnosis. The study’s findings advance understanding of AD and PD pathophysiology, paving the way for innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic