The utilization of alginate-based microspheres (AMS) in drug delivery systems has garnered Major emphasis due to their versatile attributes and Prospective uses in various biomedical fields. This review delivers an extensive Summary of the chemical, physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics of alginate, emphasizing its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of modification. Various fabrication techniques for AMS, including extrusion, emulsification, and spray drying, are discussed in detail, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the review explores recent advancements in the encapsulation of diverse therapeutic agents within AMS, ranging from small molecules to proteins and nucleic acids. Additionally, the applications of AMS in tissue engineering, wound dressing, and targeted drug delivery systems are elucidated, underscoring their potential in improving therapeutic outcomes and patient care. For academics and practitioners interested in creating and using alginate-based microspheres for innovative drug delivery applications, this review provides a thorough reference.