Bioremediation is the most recent and efficient method for treatment of various heavy metals and industrial wastes. One such industry where bioremediation is considered to be an attractive option is tanning industry. Although it is an industry which reaps profits, it has its own share of environmental concerns. Most of the tanning industries release potentially toxic heavy metals like Chromium, Aluminum, Iron, Zirconium and Titanium as effluents into the environment. Initially, phytoremediation was considered an attractive option for the treatment of effluents from tanning industry. However, the major disadvantage is that the leaching of the metals by the plants is efficient only when they reach certain age which is a time taking process. In these conditions microorganisms are considered an attractive option for the bioremediation. Several bacteria, algae and fungi have been considered as potent sources of bioremediation. The advantage in using microorganisms in bioremediation includeseasy disposal of biomass and lesser time for bioremediation due to the presence of various microbial enzymes. These advantages led to the preference of unicellular organisms over plants for the effluent bioremediation. The current review deals with the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms involved in bioremediation process. We also focused on the various recent technological advancements that have occurred in this field.