The research focused on four major butterfly families Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Pieridae, and Papilionidae analyzing their population dynamics, environmental interactions, and conservation needs. The Nymphalidae family remained dominant due to its adaptability, while the Pieridae and Lycaenidae families exhibited moderate fluctuations influenced by floral resources and environmental factors. The Papilionidae family, being habitat-specialized, maintained a low but stable population, indicating susceptibility to habitat degradation. Seasonal variations played a crucial role in butterfly diversity, with the monsoon and post-monsoon periods supporting increased species richness due to favorable climatic conditions. However, urbanization, pesticide use, and habitat fragmentation emerged as key threats, particularly for sensitive species like Papilionidae and Pieridae.