Introduction: Oral ulcers are common ulcers of the oral mucosa that are accompanied by pain, inflammation and lead to impaired healing in some circumstances. Their processes of healing are in complex cellular and molecular processes where they involve regulating cytokines, growth factors, and elements on the cell surface such as the extracellular matrix. Objective: To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of oral ulcer healing and assess clinical healing patterns in patients at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Pakistan. Material and Method: The research consisted of a prospective observational study at Bashir College of Dentistry in the period from February, 2024 to July, 2024. Sixty patients were recruited to be followed up concerning their clinically diagnosed oral ulcers. The size of ulcers, pain score, and tissue samples were also checked every week in four weeks. The ELISA system was utilized to measure the amount of cytokine and growth factors and histologically alterations were investigated. Results: Reduction in the size of the ulcer and pain was noticed progressively. The levels of TNF-alpha and IL -6 reduced significantly during healing whereas the VEGF and TGF-beta increased in its process. Angiogenesis, proliferation of fibroblasts and the deposition of collagen were confirmed by histology especially in the aphthous ulcers that took less time to heal when compared to the other wounds. Conclusion: Oral ulcer healing is driven by a shift from inflammatory to regenerative molecular signals. Understanding these mechanisms can inform targeted therapies and enhance treatment outcomes