Volume 8 | Issue - 8
Volume 8 | Issue - 8
Volume 8 | Issue - 8
Volume 8 | Issue - 7
Volume 8 | Issue - 7
This article is based on the author's published article that published during 2011-2024 in various web science Journals, and has disproved sixteen (16) established theories of evolution and it provides concise information both infavour (introduction) and dissfavour (abstract) information about sixteen theories of organic evolution. However, DNA is the vital building block of life (but not amino acid) but DNA cannot be synthesized naturally or artificially and thus Oparin’s theory of the Origin of Life is invalid. Darwin’s theory is based on Lamarck’s theory and Lamarck’s theory is wrong, and thus both Darwin’s theory and Lamarck’s theory is wrong; the Survival of the Fittest means natural selection, the Origin of Species, the Descent of Man and vice-versa but the Survival of the Fittest is not valid; living organisms including humans do not evolve to match the climate; thus, Darwin’s theory is wrong. Moreover, Natural selection is the base of Neo-Darwinism/Synthetic theory (Mutation plus natural selection), Sociobiology, Nearly Neutral theory, and thus, these three theories are contradictory. Genetic drift is the key agent of Punctuated equilibrium theory, shifting balance theory, Allopatric speciation theory, Species selection theory, Goldschmidt’s (hopeful monster) theory of macroevolution also the key agent of the Neutral Theory, the Nearly Neutral Theory, and Neo-Darwinism of molecular evolution, and thus, those theories reject each other. Furthermore, it is proved that genetic drift is unfit for any kind of evolution and Sociobiology is a branch of entomology. Again, recent researchers indicate that the vertebrate embryos are not similar rather they are dissimilar and the ontogeny does not recapitulate the phylogeny; hence, Haeckel’s “Biogenetic Law” is invalid. There is no evidence that a reproductively isolated species/race/variety/strain/breed of plant/animal evolved naturally or artificially through chromosomal speciation or any other theory, which oppose all the sixteen theories of evolution. Additionally, it is proved in another article that eight established evidences of evolution are opposite to the 16 theories of evolution. Again, Teleology, laws of thermodynamics, Mendel’s laws, Hardy–Weinberg's law, Population genetics opposes the idea of organic evolution; if it true be then human and other organism would be immortal, newer and newer species would be found as evolution is a continuous process. Thus, living organisms and humans is not evolved but created by a creator