Wild pigeons (Columba guinea), a synanthropic species, are highly adaptable to anthropized environments. At the Institut Supérieur Agronomique Valery Giscard d’Estaing of Faranah (ISAV), they are abundant and occupy diverse habitats. This study investigates their habitat preferences, behavior, and the ecological and health implications of their presence in a semi-urban setting.Over three months, spanning the dry-to-wet season transition, data were collected using fixed-point observations at six abandoned buildings and fifteen Cassia siamea trees. Behavioral observations focused on nesting, social interactions, and feeding, while semi-structured surveys gathered local perceptions. Climate data were also analyzed in relation to pigeon behavior.Findings indicate a preference for abandoned buildings (45 ± 8 pigeons per site) over Cassia siamea trees (28 ± 6). Pigeons favor accessible, low-traffic buildings for nesting (12 ± 3 nests per site), while trees serve mainly as resting and feeding areas. Nesting increases with high temperatures (r = 0.78, p < 0.05), while rain reduces outdoor activity.Despite contributing to nutrient cycling, pigeons pose infrastructure and health risks due to feces accumulation. Sustainable management strategies, such as securing uninhabited buildings and diversifying green spaces, are recommended to balance ecological and human interests.