This study investigates the entomological diversity associated with durum wheat and the population dynamics of its key pests in a cereal plot located in the Corso region (Boumerdes Province, eastern Algeria). A total of 6,480 insect specimens were collected, comprising 111 taxa distributed across eleven orders and 57 families, organized into five trophic groups: phytophagous insects, predators, parasites, omnivores, and pollinators. Phytophagous insects were the most diverse group, accounting for 50 taxa and 45.05% of the total population. A substantial predator-parasite complex was identified, including 29 parasitic species and 16 predatory species, representing 26.13% and 14.41% of the total population, respectively. Among these, key aphidophagous species, such as Aphidius matricariae, Aphidius avenae, Lysiphlebus testaceipes, Diaeretiella rapae, Opius sp., and coccinellid beetles (Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia variegata, Scymnus nubilus and Stethorus punctillum), exhibited significant activity due to the availability of a rich biomass consisting of 12 aphid species. This beneficial entomofauna demonstrates potential for contributing to biological equilibrium and pest regulation in the studied durum wheat plot.