In Algeria, there is a need for more epidemiological data on lung cancer as lung cancer is a major public health concern. By this study, we seek to provide valuable statistics to improve prevention and promote screening strategies in the country. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the University Hospital Centre of Oran over three years (2020-2022) on lung cancer patients by retrospectively reviewing their medical records using a structured survey form, focusing on demographics, lifestyle habits, and clinical and histopathological characteristics. Results: Conclusion: We collected 312 lung cancer cases. A 6.8 sex ratio and a high smoking prevalence of 83% were observed. The patient’s median age was 63 years [35-89]. Cannabis use was reported in 16% cases. Alcohol consumption was found in 49% of patients. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant subtype (69%), often diagnosed at advanced stages (III and IV). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (41%) and diabetes (23%). Additionally, 25% of patients had a family history of cancer. These findings will aid in implementing early lung cancer detection in Algeria, ultimately improving survival rates. Further research into non-smoking risk factors is necessary to deepen our understanding of the disease in Algeria and improve prevention measures.